Computer Organization and Design‎,‎ Fourth Edition‎,‎ has been updated with new exercises and improvements throughout suggested by instructors teaching from the book‎.‎ It covers the revolutionary change from sequential to parallel computing‎,‎ with a chapter on parallelism and sections in every chapter highlighting parallel hardware and software topics‎.‎ It includes an appendix by the Chief Scientist and the Director of Architecture of NVIDIA covering the emergence and importance of the modern GPU‎,‎ describing in detail for the first time the highly parallel‎,‎ highly multithreaded multiprocessor optimized for visual computing‎.‎ A companion CD provides a toolkit of simulators and compilers along with tutorials for using them‎,‎ as well as advanced content for further study and a search utility for finding content on the CD and in the printed text‎.‎ For the convenience of readers who have purchased an ebook edition or who may have misplaced the CD‎-ROM‎,‎ all CD content is available as a download at bit‎.‎ly/nFXcLq‎.‎ This book is recommended for prof‎.‎‎.‎‎.‎