This book is a collection of 20 contemporary research articles which offer an overview of the recent progress in the modelling of fundamental interactions‎,‎ nuclear structures‎,‎ stellar nucleosynthesis and non‎-baryonic matter‎.‎ The first part of the book is focused mainly on hadron interactions and nuclear structure modelling‎.‎ It starts with a review of lattice quantum chromodynamics ‎(‎QCD‎)‎ methods for the study of hadron interactions‎,‎ then‎,‎ proceeds to more specific topics such as the study of the symmetry energy in nuclear density functional theory‎;‎ the alpha‎-cluster model of nuclei‎;‎ spin dynamics and heavy‎-ion reactions at low and intermediate energies‎.‎ The second part of the book is focused on the domain of nuclear astrophysics‎.‎ It reviews the tools‎,‎ methods and data available for the study of stellar nucleosynthesis‎,‎ including the calculation of electron capture cross sections‎.‎ It continues further by discussing the use of neutron stars for determining bounds on the Higgs‎-Kretschmann coupling‎,‎ neutrino oscillations experiments‎,‎ reviewing sterile neutrinos as a potential solution to neutrino masses‎,‎ the baryon asymmetry‎,‎ and the dark matter problems‎.‎ Finally‎,‎ the last two chapters provide a status of the ongoing experiments and future prospects of observing gravitational quantum states as well as a discussion on how‎,‎ at the Planck scale‎,‎ the unification of quantum haplodynamics ‎(‎QHD‎)‎‎,‎ chromodynamics‎,‎ and electrodynamics couplings could explain the dark energy of the universe‎.‎