This book presents a holistic view of the complex and dynamic responses of plants to nanoparticles‎,‎ the signal transduction mechanisms involved‎,‎ and the regulation of gene expression‎.‎ Further‎,‎ it addresses the phytosynthesis of nanoparticles‎,‎ the role of nanoparticles in the antioxidant systems of plants and agriculture‎,‎ the beneficial and harmful effects of nanoparticles on plants‎,‎ and the application of nanoparticles and nanotubes to mass spectrometry‎,‎ aiming ultimately at an analysis of the metabolomics of plants‎.‎ The growing numbers of inventions in the field of nanotechnology are producing novel applications in the fields of biotechnology and agriculture‎.‎ Nanoparticles have received much attention because of the unique physico‎-chemical properties of these compounds‎.‎ In the life sciences‎,‎ nanoparticles are used as ‎"‎smart‎"‎ delivery systems‎,‎ prompting the Nobel Prize winner P‎.‎ Ehrlich to refer to these compounds as ‎"‎magic bullets‎.‎‎"‎ Nanoparticles also play an important role in agriculture as compound fertilizer‎.‎‎.‎‎.‎