This book discussed on mountain regions occupy approximately one fifth of the Earths land surface and cover 54 % of Asias land mass‎.‎ Mountain ranges create diverse ecosystems‎,‎ sanctuaries for plant and animal species‎,‎ and shelter for 10 % of the worlds population‎.‎ Mountains are the sources of 80 % of the Earths surface water‎,‎ important not only for mountain communities but also for billions of people living in the plains‎.‎ Mountains trap moisture from air masses‎,‎ which is precipitated in the form of snow that melts in spring and summer‎,‎ flows to the plains‎,‎ and becomes a lifeline for agriculture and industrial activities‎.‎ With such multifunctionality‎,‎ mountains serve not only as a source of ecological and food security for billions of people‎,‎ but also act as buffers against natural hazards‎.‎ However‎,‎ mountains are very sensitive to environmental change and are a barometer for climate change‎.‎ A change in temperature can disrupt a mountain system in the form of melting glaciers‎,‎ soil erosion‎,‎ landslides‎,‎ rockfalls‎,‎ floods‎,‎ and avalanches‎.‎