Rutger Hoekstra examines the complex relationship between the monetary economy and the materials flows that are extracted and emitted by economic activities‎.‎ These physical flows are responsible for many important environmental problems such as unsustainable resource depletion‎,‎ waste production and climate change‎.‎ This book discusses‎,‎ applies and improves upon techniques which link the monetary and physical economies for environmental analyses‎.‎ The book uses two sources of analysis‎:‎ the physical input‎-output table ‎(‎PIOT‎)‎‎,‎ a macro‎-economic account for the physical economy‎,‎ recording material and product flows‎,‎ including resource extraction‎,‎ emissions and recycling‎;‎ and structural decomposition analysis ‎(‎SDA‎)‎‎,‎ which assesses the influence of structural changes‎,‎ such as economic growth‎,‎ consumption shifts‎,‎ export growth and technological change‎,‎ on environmental indicators‎.‎ Methodological improvements in the PIOT and SDA systems are then presented by the author‎,‎ and applied to empirical data‎.‎ Ecological and in‎.‎‎.‎‎.‎