Many problems in biology require an understanding of the relationships among variables in a multivariate causal context‎.‎ Exploring such cause‎-effect relationships through a series of statistical methods‎,‎ this book explains how to test causal hypotheses when randomised experiments cannot be performed‎.‎ This completely revised and updated edition features detailed explanations for carrying out statistical methods using the popular and freely available R statistical language‎.‎ Sections on d‎-sep tests‎,‎ latent constructs that are common in biology‎,‎ missing values‎,‎ phylogenetic constraints‎,‎ and multilevel models are also an important feature of this new edition‎.‎ Written for biologists and using a minimum of statistical jargon‎,‎ the concept of testing multivariate causal hypotheses using structural equations and path analysis is demystified‎.‎ Assuming only a basic understanding of statistical analysis‎,‎ this new edition is a valuable resource for both students and practising biologists‎.‎

• Author‎:‎ Bill Shipley
• Publisher‎:‎ Cambridge University Press
• ISBN‎:‎ 9781107442597